Ethics, Economic Rationality, and the Pursuit of Universality: Reconciling Privilege, Solidarity, and Recognition for Inclusive Human Rights

Ina Nikolova

doi:10.37075/YB.2025.2.10

Authors

Ina Nikolova, PhD Student Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37075/YB.2025.2.10

Keywords:

Solidarity, Recognition, Inequalities, Economic rationality, Self-interest, Collective benefits, Privilege, Disadvantaged groups, Human dignity, Education

D63, D91, I24, I31

Abstract

This study examines the intersection of economic rationality, ethical considerations, and social recognition in addressing inequalities. A critical emphasis is laid on the traditional models of economic rationality based on self-interest. In contrast, the need for integration of moral reasoning, altruism, and sensitivity to cultural identity is highlighted. The analysis reveals that privilege is reproduced through intertwined economic, political, cultural, and educational mechanisms. Hence the need for a complex approach that combines distributive justice with reciprocal recognition is deemed significant. Against this backdrop, the role of education is arguably essential in terms of expanding capabilities, reducing stereotypes, and cultivating equal participation. Collaborative economic models and institutional incentives have been proposed to align self-interest with collective benefits, embedding altruistic principles into governance and market practices. More specifically, the importance of overlapping consensus across diverse cultural traditions is underscored to uphold universal rights without erasing differences. The significance of emotional factors such as empathy and fear is further acknowledged because they shape responses to inclusionary reforms. As a result, an economic framework with focus on human dignity and capability expansion is outlined, where ethical resource distribution, recognition, and solidarity might coalesce to foster equitable and inclusive societies resilient to political and economic fluctuations.

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